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optic atrophy 1 opa1  (Novus Biologicals)


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    Novus Biologicals optic atrophy 1 opa1
    Optic Atrophy 1 Opa1, supplied by Novus Biologicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 34 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/anti+opa1/OPA1+Antibody+-+BSA+Free/pm42010677-125-51-55
    Average 93 stars, based on 34 article reviews
    optic atrophy 1 opa1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Immunohistochemistry:

    Article Title: Upregulation of Mitochondrial Function is Associated with Advanced Prostate Cancer
    Article Snippet: .. The following antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry: anti-TOM20 (F-10), Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:200; anti-DRP1, Sigma Aldrich, 1:125; anti-OPA1, Novus, 1:400. .. The discovery Ultra stainer (Roche Ventana) was used to perform immunohistochemistry according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Bicalutamide Exhibits Potential to Damage Kidney via Destroying Complex I and Affecting Mitochondrial Dynamics
    Article Snippet: .. The membranes were then incubated for 16 h at 4 °C with anti-Tomm 20 (GTX133756), anti-NOX4 (GTX121929) and anti-Mitofusin 1 (MFN1) (GTX133351) (GeneTex, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA), anti-NDUFB8 (tccua 57905), anti-SIRT1 (tcea19648), anti-SIRT3 (tcna3378), anti-PGC1α (tcea3326), anti-Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) (tcea20884) (Taiclone Biotech Co., Taipei, Taiwan), anti-SOD2 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-OPA1 (NBP2-59770, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA), and anti-DRP1 (sc-271583, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA). .. Anti-β actin (NB600-501, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA) and anti-HSP60 (GTX110089 GeneTex, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) were used as the internal controls as indicated [ ].

    Article Title: TRPM8 Regulates Mitochondrial Ca 2+ ‐Dynamics, Temperature and Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Mitochondrial Contact Points in T Cell
    Article Snippet: .. Cells were then incubated overnight at 4°C with anti‐TRPM8 (Alomone; Cat#ACC‐049) and anti‐OPA1 (Novus; Cat#NBP1‐71656) primary antibodies at 1:500 and 1:100 dilutions respectively. .. Subsequently, Alexa flour‐labelled anti‐Rabbit (1:500) (Invitrogen) and anti‐Mouse (1:200) (Invitrogen) secondary antibodies were used for 1 h. Further, cells were rinsed with 1× PBS thrice and confocal imaging was performed.

    Article Title: The dangerous "West Coast Swing" by hyperglycaemia and chronic stress in the mouse hippocampus: Role of kynurenine catabolism.
    Article Snippet: .. The nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham Protan 0.2 μm NC #10600001, Little Chalfont, UK) were M. Gliozzi et al. Pharmacological Research 201 (2024) 107087 blocked with Tris / HCl (pH 7.6) containing 0.1% Tween 20% and 5% BSA or 5% milk (Skim Milk Powder, #42590.02, Serva serving scientists, Heidelberg, Germany) for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4 ◦C shaking, with the following primaries antibodies: anti- OPA1 (Cell Signaling #80471, Danvers, MA, USA); anti- BDNF (Novus Biologicals, NBP2–67410); anti- VDAC1 (Abcam ab34726, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-MnSOD (Stressgen biotechnolgies, #SOD111, California, USA); anti-phospho DRP1 (Cell Signaling #4867 s, Danvers, MA, USA); anti GLUT-4 (Abcam ab48547, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-NMDA2R (Abcam #ab124913, Cambridge, United Kingdom); antiNADPH Oxidase-4 (Abcam #ab109225, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-Glutamine Synthetase (Abcam #ab176562, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti- neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) (BD Biosciences #611852, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA). .. The membranes were then washed in Tris-buffered saline (TBS, pH 7.6) with 0.1% Tween-20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Pierce anti-rabbit antibody #31460 or Pierce antimouse antibody #31430, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Article Title: The effect of the PLIN1 gene on the metabolism and mitochondria of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells.
    Article Snippet: Background Perilipin 1 (PLIN1) is a lipid droplet scaffolding protein that plays a regulatory role in fat decomposition and mitochondrial function.. Objective In this study, the effects of PLIN1 gene knockout (PLIN1-KO) and PLIN1 gene overexpression (PLIN1-EX) on cell metabolism and mitochondrial function in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells were assessed.. Methods Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells were used as the control group (NC).

    other:

    Article Title: Functional multi-organelle units control inflammatory lipid metabolism of macrophages.
    Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunofluorescence staining (IF), western blot (WB) or flow cytometry (FACS): anti-ABCD1 (WB 1:5,000; IF 1:500; Abcam, ab197013), anti-ACSL1 (IF 1:200, Proteintech, 13989-1-AP), anti-ATGL (WB 1:1,000; IF 1:200; Cell Signaling Technology, 2439), anti-β-actin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (WB 1:40,000; SantaCruz, sc-47778 HRP), anti-Calnexin (IF 1:250; Proteintech, 10427-2-AP), anti-Catalase (IF 1:300; FACS 1:100; R&D Systems, AF3398), anti-CD16/CD23 (FACS 1:1,000; Thermo Fisher, 14-0161-82), anti-CD107a (IF 1:200; BioLegend, 121601), anti-CD107a Alexa488-conjugated (FACS 1:200; BioLegend, 121607), anti-COX2 (IF 1:400; WB 1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology, 12282), anti-cPLA2 (IF 1:250; WB 1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology, 5249), anti-DRP1 (WB 1:1,000, IF 1:100; Cell Signaling Technology, 8570), anti-phospho-DRP1 (S616) (WB 1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology, 3455), anti-phospho-DRP1 (S637) (WB 1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology, 4867), anti-FAM73B (WB 1:1,000; Abcam, ab122713), anti-GM130 (IF 1:300; FACS 1:500; BD Bioscience, 610823), anti-GNPAT (WB 1:1,000; Proteintech, 14931-1-AP), anti-HSD17B4 (WB 1:1,000; Novus Biologicals, NBP1-85296), anti-HSP60 (IF 1:1,000; FACS 1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, 12165), anti-HSP60 (IF 1:1,000, antibodies.com, A85438), anti-MFN2 (WB 1:1,000; Abcam, ab124773), anti-mPGES1 (IF 1:500; WB 1:1,000; Abcam, ab180589), anti-OPA1 (WB 1:1,000; Thermo Fisher, MA5-16149), anti-PEX5 (WB 1:5,000; Novus Biologicals, NBP1-87185), anti-RMDN3 (WB 1:200; Thermo Fisher, PA5-117028), anti-rabbit HRP (WB 1:8,000; ThermoFisher, 31460), anti-goat HRP (WB 1:10,000; ThermoFisher, 31402), anti-mouse HRP (WB 1:10,000; ThermoFisher, 61-6520), anti-rabbit biotin-conjugated (IF 1:500; Thermo Fisher, A16039), anti-rabbit Cy3 (IF 1:1,000; Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, 111-165-144), anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 568 (IF 1:500; Thermo Fisher, A10042), anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 647 (IF 1:500, FACS 1:500; Thermo Fisher, A31573), anti-mouse DyLight 405 (IF 1:300; Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, 715-475-151), anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 568 (IF 1:500, FACS 1:500; Thermo Fisher, A10037), anti-goat DyLight 405 (IF 1:300; Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, 705-475-147), anti-goat Alexa 405 Plus (IF 1:500; Thermo Fisher, A48258), anti-goat Alexa Fluor 568 (IF 1:500; Thermo Fisher, A11057) anti-goat Alexa Fluor 647 (IF 1:500, FACS 1:500; Thermo Fisher, A32849), anti-rat DyLight 550 (IF 1:600; Thermo Fisher, SA5-10027) and anti-chicken Alexa Fluor 647 (IF 1:500, Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, 703-605-155).

    Membrane:

    Article Title: The dangerous "West Coast Swing" by hyperglycaemia and chronic stress in the mouse hippocampus: Role of kynurenine catabolism.
    Article Snippet: .. The nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham Protan 0.2 μm NC #10600001, Little Chalfont, UK) were M. Gliozzi et al. Pharmacological Research 201 (2024) 107087 blocked with Tris / HCl (pH 7.6) containing 0.1% Tween 20% and 5% BSA or 5% milk (Skim Milk Powder, #42590.02, Serva serving scientists, Heidelberg, Germany) for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4 ◦C shaking, with the following primaries antibodies: anti- OPA1 (Cell Signaling #80471, Danvers, MA, USA); anti- BDNF (Novus Biologicals, NBP2–67410); anti- VDAC1 (Abcam ab34726, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-MnSOD (Stressgen biotechnolgies, #SOD111, California, USA); anti-phospho DRP1 (Cell Signaling #4867 s, Danvers, MA, USA); anti GLUT-4 (Abcam ab48547, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-NMDA2R (Abcam #ab124913, Cambridge, United Kingdom); antiNADPH Oxidase-4 (Abcam #ab109225, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-Glutamine Synthetase (Abcam #ab176562, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti- neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) (BD Biosciences #611852, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA). .. The membranes were then washed in Tris-buffered saline (TBS, pH 7.6) with 0.1% Tween-20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Pierce anti-rabbit antibody #31460 or Pierce antimouse antibody #31430, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Article Title: The effect of the PLIN1 gene on the metabolism and mitochondria of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells.
    Article Snippet: Background Perilipin 1 (PLIN1) is a lipid droplet scaffolding protein that plays a regulatory role in fat decomposition and mitochondrial function.. Objective In this study, the effects of PLIN1 gene knockout (PLIN1-KO) and PLIN1 gene overexpression (PLIN1-EX) on cell metabolism and mitochondrial function in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells were assessed.. Methods Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells were used as the control group (NC).

    Milk:

    Article Title: The dangerous "West Coast Swing" by hyperglycaemia and chronic stress in the mouse hippocampus: Role of kynurenine catabolism.
    Article Snippet: .. The nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham Protan 0.2 μm NC #10600001, Little Chalfont, UK) were M. Gliozzi et al. Pharmacological Research 201 (2024) 107087 blocked with Tris / HCl (pH 7.6) containing 0.1% Tween 20% and 5% BSA or 5% milk (Skim Milk Powder, #42590.02, Serva serving scientists, Heidelberg, Germany) for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4 ◦C shaking, with the following primaries antibodies: anti- OPA1 (Cell Signaling #80471, Danvers, MA, USA); anti- BDNF (Novus Biologicals, NBP2–67410); anti- VDAC1 (Abcam ab34726, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-MnSOD (Stressgen biotechnolgies, #SOD111, California, USA); anti-phospho DRP1 (Cell Signaling #4867 s, Danvers, MA, USA); anti GLUT-4 (Abcam ab48547, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-NMDA2R (Abcam #ab124913, Cambridge, United Kingdom); antiNADPH Oxidase-4 (Abcam #ab109225, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti-Glutamine Synthetase (Abcam #ab176562, Cambridge, United Kingdom); anti- neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) (BD Biosciences #611852, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA). .. The membranes were then washed in Tris-buffered saline (TBS, pH 7.6) with 0.1% Tween-20 and incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Pierce anti-rabbit antibody #31460 or Pierce antimouse antibody #31430, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for 1 h at room temperature.



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    Image Search Results


    Rhy enhances mitochondrial function by promoting mitochondrial fusion. (A) Representative fluorescent images of mitochondria stained with Mito-tracker Red in PC12 cells. (B) Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial networks in PC12 cells using the MiNA plugin for ImageJ ( n = 5 images). (C) Mitochondrial morphology in primary midbrain neurons visualized by Mito-tracker Red. (D) Mitochondrial network parameters quantified by MiNA analysis in primary midbrain neurons ( n = 5 images). (E) High-resolution imaging of mitochondrial inner membranes using PKmito Orange (PKMO) microscopy. (F) Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of mitochondrial ultrastructure. (G) Mitochondrial membrane potential quantification by JC-1 ratio (Red/Green) in PC12 cells and primary midbrain neurons, n = 3 independent experiments. (H) Cellular ATP levels determined using ATPlite™ luminescence assay ( n = 3). (I) Western blotting analysis of DRP1, p-DRP1 Ser616 , p-DRP1 Ser637 , MFN2 and OPA1 levels, following 6-OHDA (150 μmol/L) and Rhy treatment (1, 2, 5 μmol/L), n = 3 independent experiments. The data are presented as mean ± SD. Multiple group comparisons were evaluated through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

    Article Title: Rhynchophylline rewires DLAT lipoylation via conformational control to reverse mitochondrial bioenergetic collapse against dopaminergic neuronal injury

    doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.06.016

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Rhy enhances mitochondrial function by promoting mitochondrial fusion. (A) Representative fluorescent images of mitochondria stained with Mito-tracker Red in PC12 cells. (B) Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial networks in PC12 cells using the MiNA plugin for ImageJ ( n = 5 images). (C) Mitochondrial morphology in primary midbrain neurons visualized by Mito-tracker Red. (D) Mitochondrial network parameters quantified by MiNA analysis in primary midbrain neurons ( n = 5 images). (E) High-resolution imaging of mitochondrial inner membranes using PKmito Orange (PKMO) microscopy. (F) Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of mitochondrial ultrastructure. (G) Mitochondrial membrane potential quantification by JC-1 ratio (Red/Green) in PC12 cells and primary midbrain neurons, n = 3 independent experiments. (H) Cellular ATP levels determined using ATPlite™ luminescence assay ( n = 3). (I) Western blotting analysis of DRP1, p-DRP1 Ser616 , p-DRP1 Ser637 , MFN2 and OPA1 levels, following 6-OHDA (150 μmol/L) and Rhy treatment (1, 2, 5 μmol/L), n = 3 independent experiments. The data are presented as mean ± SD. Multiple group comparisons were evaluated through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Article Snippet: Membrane were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST (1 h, room temperature), and then incubated with primary antibodies (overnight, 4 °C) against DLAT (Proteintech, 13426-1-AP); DRP1 (Biodragon, RM8248); p-DRP1 Ser616 (Biodragon, BD-PP1318); p-DRP1 Ser637 (Biodragon, BD-PP0841); OPA1 (MCE, HY- P80255 ); MFN2 (Biodragon, BD-PT2740); GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig); TH (Santa Cruz, sc-14007); Lipoic acid (Santa Cruz, sc-101354); VMAT2 (Santa Cruz, sc-390,285); HA (Solarbio, K200003M), SIRT2 (Abways, CY5865); SIRT4(Proteintech, 66543-1-Ig); LIAS (Proteintech, 11577-1-AP); AMPK α (Biodragon, RM1159); p-AMPK α (Biodragon, RM0088); p-STAT3 (Abmart, TC52210); p-EGFR (Abmart, PC1644); KIF5B(Abclonal, A20928); KIF5C(Biodragon, BD-PN3289); KIF1B(Biodragon, BD-PN4193).

    Techniques: Staining, Imaging, Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Membrane, Luminescence Assay, Western Blot

    DLAT mediates Rhy-induced mitochondrial fusion regulation. (A) Experimental workflow for identifying potential targets of Rhy using thermal proteome profiling (TPP) strategy. (B) Volcano plot of TPP results and screening strategy for Rhy's anti-PD targets. (C) Schematic representation of the target screening and prioritization pipeline. (D) Western blotting analysis showing Rhy-regulated mitochondrial dynamics proteins (OPA1, p-DRP1 Ser637 ) in control versus DLAT-KO cells ( n = 3). (E, F) Representative confocal images (E) and quantification (F) of mitochondrial networks visualized by Mito-tracker Red ( n = 3 fields). (G) Super-resolution microscopy images of mitochondrial cristae structures labeled with PKmito Orange (PKMO), n = 3 images. (H, I) TMRE staining reveals mitochondrial membrane potential alterations ( n = 5 fields). The data are presented as mean ± SD. Multiple group comparisons were evaluated through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

    Article Title: Rhynchophylline rewires DLAT lipoylation via conformational control to reverse mitochondrial bioenergetic collapse against dopaminergic neuronal injury

    doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.06.016

    Figure Lengend Snippet: DLAT mediates Rhy-induced mitochondrial fusion regulation. (A) Experimental workflow for identifying potential targets of Rhy using thermal proteome profiling (TPP) strategy. (B) Volcano plot of TPP results and screening strategy for Rhy's anti-PD targets. (C) Schematic representation of the target screening and prioritization pipeline. (D) Western blotting analysis showing Rhy-regulated mitochondrial dynamics proteins (OPA1, p-DRP1 Ser637 ) in control versus DLAT-KO cells ( n = 3). (E, F) Representative confocal images (E) and quantification (F) of mitochondrial networks visualized by Mito-tracker Red ( n = 3 fields). (G) Super-resolution microscopy images of mitochondrial cristae structures labeled with PKmito Orange (PKMO), n = 3 images. (H, I) TMRE staining reveals mitochondrial membrane potential alterations ( n = 5 fields). The data are presented as mean ± SD. Multiple group comparisons were evaluated through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Article Snippet: Membrane were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST (1 h, room temperature), and then incubated with primary antibodies (overnight, 4 °C) against DLAT (Proteintech, 13426-1-AP); DRP1 (Biodragon, RM8248); p-DRP1 Ser616 (Biodragon, BD-PP1318); p-DRP1 Ser637 (Biodragon, BD-PP0841); OPA1 (MCE, HY- P80255 ); MFN2 (Biodragon, BD-PT2740); GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig); TH (Santa Cruz, sc-14007); Lipoic acid (Santa Cruz, sc-101354); VMAT2 (Santa Cruz, sc-390,285); HA (Solarbio, K200003M), SIRT2 (Abways, CY5865); SIRT4(Proteintech, 66543-1-Ig); LIAS (Proteintech, 11577-1-AP); AMPK α (Biodragon, RM1159); p-AMPK α (Biodragon, RM0088); p-STAT3 (Abmart, TC52210); p-EGFR (Abmart, PC1644); KIF5B(Abclonal, A20928); KIF5C(Biodragon, BD-PN3289); KIF1B(Biodragon, BD-PN4193).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Super-Resolution Microscopy, Labeling, Staining, Membrane

    Rhy ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction via suppression of the DLAT–SIRT4 axis in PD mice. (A) Representative transmission electron microscope images illustrating mitochondrial ultrastructure in substantia nigra neurons. (B, C) Protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics markers (DRP1, p-DRP1 Ser616 , p-DRP1 Ser637 , MFN2, OPA1) in SN tissues were analyzed by Western blotting ( n = 3). (D, E) Immunofluorescence co-staining demonstrating reduced DLAT–SIRT4 colocalization in substantia nigra following Rhy treatment ( n = 3). The data are presented as mean ± SD. Multiple group comparisons were evaluated through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

    Article Title: Rhynchophylline rewires DLAT lipoylation via conformational control to reverse mitochondrial bioenergetic collapse against dopaminergic neuronal injury

    doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2026.06.016

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Rhy ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction via suppression of the DLAT–SIRT4 axis in PD mice. (A) Representative transmission electron microscope images illustrating mitochondrial ultrastructure in substantia nigra neurons. (B, C) Protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics markers (DRP1, p-DRP1 Ser616 , p-DRP1 Ser637 , MFN2, OPA1) in SN tissues were analyzed by Western blotting ( n = 3). (D, E) Immunofluorescence co-staining demonstrating reduced DLAT–SIRT4 colocalization in substantia nigra following Rhy treatment ( n = 3). The data are presented as mean ± SD. Multiple group comparisons were evaluated through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Article Snippet: Membrane were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST (1 h, room temperature), and then incubated with primary antibodies (overnight, 4 °C) against DLAT (Proteintech, 13426-1-AP); DRP1 (Biodragon, RM8248); p-DRP1 Ser616 (Biodragon, BD-PP1318); p-DRP1 Ser637 (Biodragon, BD-PP0841); OPA1 (MCE, HY- P80255 ); MFN2 (Biodragon, BD-PT2740); GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig); TH (Santa Cruz, sc-14007); Lipoic acid (Santa Cruz, sc-101354); VMAT2 (Santa Cruz, sc-390,285); HA (Solarbio, K200003M), SIRT2 (Abways, CY5865); SIRT4(Proteintech, 66543-1-Ig); LIAS (Proteintech, 11577-1-AP); AMPK α (Biodragon, RM1159); p-AMPK α (Biodragon, RM0088); p-STAT3 (Abmart, TC52210); p-EGFR (Abmart, PC1644); KIF5B(Abclonal, A20928); KIF5C(Biodragon, BD-PN3289); KIF1B(Biodragon, BD-PN4193).

    Techniques: Transmission Assay, Microscopy, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining

    COPN restores mitochondrial quality control and interrupts the ROS‒cGAS‒inflammation axis in OGD/R-treated R28 cells. a , TEM images showing changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure of R28 cells subjected to various treatments (PBS, PDNs, COPN-L, and COPN-H) after OGD/R. Scale bar: 500 nm b , Quantitative analyses of mitochondrial length and number in R28 cells as indicated in a . c , Representative fluorescence images showing JC-1 staining of the mitochondrial Δψm: aggregates (red) indicate healthy mitochondria, whereas monomers (green) represent depolarized mitochondria. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 50 μm d , Intracellular ATP content assay revealing improved energy production after COPN treatment under OGD/R stress conditions. e , mRNA expression analysis of mitochondrial dynamic regulatory genes (Opa1, Mfn2, Drp1, and Fis1) and mitochondrial DNA transcription levels (mt-ND1 and mt-COX1). f , Quantitative analysis of the JC-1 fluorescence ratio (aggregates/monomers) and mitochondrial ROS levels (MitoSOX staining). g–h , Western blot analysis of proteins involved in mitochondrial autophagy (Pink1, Parkin, and P62) (g) and mitochondrial fusion/fission (Opa1, Mfn2, Mfn1, Drp1, and Fis1) (h) . i , Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of mitochondria (green, MitoTracker) and lysosomes (red, LysoTracker) in R28 cells after different treatments. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). Scale bar: 50 μm ∗ ∗∗∗P < 0.0001. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Journal: Materials Today Bio

    Article Title: A dual-responsive CO-releasing nanogel ameliorates retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis and attenuating cGAS-STING pathway activation

    doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102974

    Figure Lengend Snippet: COPN restores mitochondrial quality control and interrupts the ROS‒cGAS‒inflammation axis in OGD/R-treated R28 cells. a , TEM images showing changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure of R28 cells subjected to various treatments (PBS, PDNs, COPN-L, and COPN-H) after OGD/R. Scale bar: 500 nm b , Quantitative analyses of mitochondrial length and number in R28 cells as indicated in a . c , Representative fluorescence images showing JC-1 staining of the mitochondrial Δψm: aggregates (red) indicate healthy mitochondria, whereas monomers (green) represent depolarized mitochondria. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 50 μm d , Intracellular ATP content assay revealing improved energy production after COPN treatment under OGD/R stress conditions. e , mRNA expression analysis of mitochondrial dynamic regulatory genes (Opa1, Mfn2, Drp1, and Fis1) and mitochondrial DNA transcription levels (mt-ND1 and mt-COX1). f , Quantitative analysis of the JC-1 fluorescence ratio (aggregates/monomers) and mitochondrial ROS levels (MitoSOX staining). g–h , Western blot analysis of proteins involved in mitochondrial autophagy (Pink1, Parkin, and P62) (g) and mitochondrial fusion/fission (Opa1, Mfn2, Mfn1, Drp1, and Fis1) (h) . i , Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of mitochondria (green, MitoTracker) and lysosomes (red, LysoTracker) in R28 cells after different treatments. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst (blue). Scale bar: 50 μm ∗ ∗∗∗P < 0.0001. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: Drp1 (CST, #8570, 1:1000, ∼80 kDa), Fis1 (Proteintech, 10956-1-AP, 1:1000, ∼17 kDa), Mfn1 (Abcam, ab104274, 1:1000, ∼84 kDa), Mfn2 (CST, #9482, 1:1000, ∼86 kDa), Opa1 (CST, #80471, 1:1000, ∼100–120 kDa), Pink1 (CST, #6946, 1:1000, ∼63 kDa), cGAS (CST, #15102, 1:1000, ∼60 kDa), STING (CST, #13647, 1:1000, ∼42–45 kDa), TBK1 (CST, #3013, 1:1000, ∼84 kDa), p-TBK1 (CST, #5483, 1:1000, ∼84 kDa), COX IV (Abcam, ab14744, 1:2000, ∼17 kDa), β-actin (Proteintech, 66009-1-Ig, 1:5000, ∼43 kDa), and GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig, 1:5000, After washing, the membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (goat anti-rabbit or goat anti-mouse IgG, CST, 1:5000) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Techniques: Control, Fluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Western Blot, Microscopy